Tenses yakni suatu klasifikasi tata bahasa (grammar) yg menekankan pada penggunaan kata kerja (verb) yg dikaitkan dgn waktu penggunaannya. Dengan kata lain, tenses yakni pembedaan bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan perbedaan waktu & durasi suatu perbuatan atau kejadian. Berikut rangkuman 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris yg telah kami rangkum untuk kau.
Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Sumber gambar: toughtco.com
Tabel 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris
| Time | Event | |||
| Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| Present | Simple Present Tense | Present Continuous Tense | Present Perfect Tense | Present Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Past | Simple Past Tense | Past Continuous Tense | Past Perfect Tense | Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Future | Simple Future Tense | Future Continuous Tense | Future Perfect Tense | Future Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Past Future | Past Future Tense | Past Future Continuous Tense | Past Future Perfect Tense | Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Present”
1. Simple Present Tense
Digunakan untuk memberikan fakta, kebiasaan, & kondisi lazim yg terjadi pada dikala ini.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + Verb / Verb-s/es + Complement
Atau Subject + am/are/is + Complement |
a. I work hard for this company.
b. He works hard for this company. c. You are beautiful. d. She is beautiful. |
| Negatif | Sunbect + do/does not + Verb1 + Complement
Atau Subject + am/are/is + not + complement |
a. I do not work hard for this company.
b. He does not work hard for this company. c. You are not beautiful. d. She is not beautiful. |
| Interogatif | Do/does + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
Atau Am/are/is + Subject + Complement? |
a. Do I work hard for this company?
b. Does he work hard for this company? c. Are you beautiful? d. Is she beautiful? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah: usually, always, every, sometimes, normally, & seldom, dll.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yg sedang berjalan. Yang paling utama dr tense ini ialah adanya durasi waktu untuk kata kerjanya.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + am/are/is + Verb-ing + Complement | We are studying English. |
| Negatif | Subject + am/are/is + Not + Complement | We are not studying English. |
| Interogatif | Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement? | Are we studying English? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yakni now, at the time, at this present, at this moment, dll.
3. Present Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan suatu aksi atau kejadian sudah selesai & menekankan pada kesannya.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + has/have + Verb3 + Complement | a. I have finished my homework.
b. She has finished her homework. |
| Negatif | Subject + has/have + not + Verb3 + Complement | a. I have not finished my homework.
b. She has not finished her homework. |
| Interogatif | Has/have + Subject + Verb3 + Complement? | a. Have I finished my homework?
b. Has she finished her homework? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, dll.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk memberikan aksi yg dimulai pada masa lalu & terus berlanjut sampai saat ini. Biasanya agresi yg memakai tense ini mempunyai durasi waktu pasti & mempunyai relevansi dgn kondisi kini.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + has/have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | a. You have been working here since 2015.
b. She has been speaking for the last 3 hours. |
| Negatif | Subject + has/have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement | a. You have not been working here since 2015.
b. She has not been speaking for the last 3 hours. |
| Interogatif | Has/have + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | a. Have you been working here since 2015?
b. Has she been speaking for the last 3 hours? |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Past”
Kata sinyal untuk tense ini ialah since, for the past …, the whole week, dll.
5. Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan suatu insiden di masa lalu.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + Verb2 + Complement
Atau Subject + was/were + Complement |
a. I worked hard for that company.
b. He worked hard for that company. c. You were beautiful. d. She was beautiful. |
| Negatif | Subject + did not + Verb1 + Complement
Atau Subject + was/were + not + Complement |
a. I did not work hard for that company.
b. He did not work hard for that company. c. You were not beautiful. d. She was not beautiful. |
| Interogatif | Did + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
Atau Was/were + Subject + Complement? |
a. Did I work hard for that company?
b. Did he work hard for that company? c. Were you beautiful? d. Was she beautiful? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah last year, last month, yesterday, in 1996, last Sunday, dll.
6. Past Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yg sedang terjadi pada masa lalu. Biasanya, ada 2 insiden terjadi di masa lalu, & insiden yg diinterupsi tersebut yg memakai tense ini.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + Complement | I was studying English when he called. |
| Negatif | Subject + was/were + Not + Verb-ing + Complement | I was not studying English when he called. |
| Interogatif | Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement? | Was I studying English when he called? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yakni when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday, dll.
7. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk memberikan kejadian yg terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu, & lebih menekankan pada hasil dr pada durasinya kejadiannya. Biasanya dipakai untuk memberikan kejadian mana yg apalagi terjadi dahulu di antara 2 insiden yg terjadi di masa lalu.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + had + Verb3 + Complement | I had finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday. |
| Negatif | Subject + had + not + Verb3 + Complement | I had not finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday. |
| Interogatif | Had + Subject + Verb3 + Complement? | Had I finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day, dll.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan aksi yg terjadi di masa kemudian & sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa kemudian juga. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya. Tense ini pula dipakai pada Reported Speech
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Complement | You had been crying for an hour. |
| Negatif | Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement | You had not been crying for an hour. |
| Interogatif | Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | Had you been crying for an hour? |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Future”
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yaitu for, since, the whole day, all day, dll.
9. Simple Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan agresi atau suatu kondisi di masa depan.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will/be going to + Verb1 + Complement | a. I will work hard for this company.
b. I am going to work hard for this company. |
| Negatif | Subject + will not / be not going to + Verb1 + Complement | a. I will not work hard for this company.
b. I am not going to work hard for this company. |
| Subject | Will + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
Atau Be + Subject + going to + Verb1 + Complement? |
a. Will I work hard for this company?
b. Am I going to work hard for this company? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah next…, tomorrow, five days later, dll.
10. Future Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu agresi atau kondisi yg akan terjadi di suatu waktu tertentu di masa yg akan tiba.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will / be going to+ be + Verb-ing + Complement | a. I will be studying English.
b. You are going be studying English. |
| Negatif | Subject + will not / be not going to + be + Verb-ing + Complement | a. I will not be studying English.
b. You are not going to be studying English. |
| Interogatif | Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement? | a. Will I be studying English?
b. Are you going to be studying English? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini ialah tomorrow morning, in ten years, dll.
11. Future Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan aksi yg akan berakhir di masa depan.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will have + Verb3 + Complement | I will have finished my homework. |
| Negatif | Subject + will not have + Verb3 + Complement | I will not have finished my homework. |
| Interogatif | Will + Subject + have Verb3 + Complement? | Will I have finished my homework? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah next…, in a week, dll.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan agresi yg akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + will + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | In 2020, she will have been working here for 2 years. |
| Negatif | Subject + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | In 2020, she will not have been working here for 2 years. |
| Interogatif | Will + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | In 2020, will she have been working here for 2 years? |
Tenses dlm Bentuk “Past Future”
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah for the last…, all day long, dll.
13. Past Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan agresi yg akan dilakukan di masa kemudian tetapi gagal (planning yg gagal).
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + Verb1 + Complement | I would come to your party if you invited me. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + Verb1 + Complement | I would not come to your party if you did not invite me. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + Verb1 + Complement? | Would I come to your party if you invited me? |
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini yaitu yesterday, the day before, last week, dll.
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk memperlihatkan suatu agresi yg akan dijalankan di masa lalu & akan berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi aksinya.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + be + Verb-ing + Complement | I would be studying if you did not disturb me yesterday. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + be + Verb-ing + Complement | I would not be studying if you did not disturb me yesterday. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement? | Would I be studying if you did not disturb me yesterday? |
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yg akan telah dilaksanakan di masa lalu tetapi ternyata tak dikerjakan (planning yg gagal). Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + have + Verb3 + Complement | I would have bought a new car if I had enough money. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + have + Verb3 + Complement | I would not have bought a new car if I had enough money. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + be + Verb3 + Complement? | Would I have bought a new car if I had enough money? |
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menawarkan agresi yg akan sudah & masih sedang dilaksanakan di masa lampau, tetapi sebetulnya tak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi & akibatnya.
| Fungsi | Rumus | Contoh |
| Positif | Subject + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | She would have been waiting for me for 3 hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM. |
| Negatif | Subject + would/should not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement | She would not have been waiting for me for 3 hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM. |
| Subject | Would/should + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement? | Would she have been waiting for me for 3 hours yesterday? |
Kata sinyal untuk tense ini ialah for, but, unfortunately, dll.
Artikel: 16 Tenses dlm Bahasa Inggris
Kontributor: Nanda Widya, S.Hum.
Alumni Sastra Inggris FIB UI
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