Future Perfect Tense

Pengertian Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense adalah bentuk tense yg digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yg akan tamat di masa yg akan datang. Tatkala kita menggunakan Tense ini, kita menenteng diri kita ke masa yg akan datang & melihat kembali kejadian yg akan final pada saat itu.

Rumus Future Perfect Tense

Rumus Future Perfect Tense cukup sederhana yaitu will + have + Verb 3 (past participle). Rumus tersebut tak akan berubah meskipun kita memakai subjek tunggal atau jamak.

Berikut ini rumus Future Perfect Tense:

1. Rumus Kalimat Positif

Subject + will + have + Verb 3

Contoh kalimat:

• I will have left.
• I will have arrived.

2. Rumus Kalimat Negatif

Subject + will + not + have + Verb 3

Contoh kalimat:

• I will not have left.
• I will not have arrived.

Kita bisa memakai singkatan won’t untuk mengambil alih will not.

3. Rumus Kalimat Interogatif

Will + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Contoh kalimat:

• Will I have left?
• Will I have arrived?

4. Rumus Kalimat Interogatif Negatif

Will + not + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Contoh kalimat:

• Will not I have left?
• Will not I have arrived?

Kita pula mampu menggunakan akronim won’t untuk mengambil alih will not pada jenis kalimat Interogatif Negatif ini.

Penggunaan Future Perfect Tense

Kapan Saat Menggunakan

Berikut ini penjelasan perbedaan Future Perfect Tense dgn Simple Future Tense.

• Future Perfect Tense

Jason will have left at 10.00 o’clock.

Makna: Jason telah pergi pada pukul 10.00.

• Simple Future Tense

I will leave at 10.00 o’clock.

Makna: Jason menunggu jam 10.00 untuk pergi.

Kedua Tense tersebut menawarkan makna yg berbeda antara satu dgn yg yang lain. Namun, penggunaan Future Perfect Tense kadang-kadang mampu digantikan dgn Simple Future Tense. Tidak ada perbedaan makna pada dua acuan kalimat ini:

• Future Perfect Tense

I will have left before Sarah arrives.

• Simple Future Tense

I will leave before Sarah arrives.

Namun, tanpa Preposition mirip before atau by the time yg menjelaskan urutan insiden, kita mesti memakai Future Perfect Tense untuk memperlihatkan peristiwa yg terjadi lebih dulu.

Kapan Tidak Menggunakan

Tenses ini hanya dipakai untuk langkah-langkah yg akan selesai sebelum titik tertentu masa yg akan tiba. Dengan kata lain, tindakan yg kita bicarakan mesti mempunyai batas waktu. Jika kita tak menyebutkan tenggat waktunya, gunakan Simple Future Tense, bukan Future Perfect Tense. Contoh:

• Jason wil leave. (benar)
• Jason will have left. (salah)

Tenggat waktu mampu sangat spesifik (misalnya at 5.00 AM) atau bisa tak terang (misalnya next week). Bahkan bisa tergantung kapan uatu peristiwa lain terjadi (misalnya after Sarah arrives). Namun harus ada di  waktu masa depan.

Preposition yg Biasa Digunakan

Preposition	Artinya
By this time	Pada dikala ini
From now	Dari sekarang
At	Pada
Already	Telah
By the time	Pada ketika
When	Ketika
Before	Sebelum
As soon as	Sesegera

Kata Kerja Umum

• Regular Verb

Verb	Positive	Negative	Interrogative	Negative Interrogative
Ask	Will have asked	Will not have asked	Will I have asked…?	Will not I have asked…?
Call	Will have called	Will not have called	Will you have called…?	Will not you have called…?
Use	Will have used	Will not have used	Will they have used…?	Will not they have used…?
Work	Will have worked	Will not have worked	Will we have worked…?	Will not we have worked…?

• Irregular Verb

Verb	Positive	Negative	Interrogative	Negative Interrogative
Be	Will have been	Will not have been	Will he have been…?	Will not he have been…?
Have	Will have had	Will not have had	Will she have been…?	Will not she have been…?
Do	Will have done	Will not have done	Will it have been…?	Will not it have been…?
Say	Will have said	Will not have said	Will I have said…?	Will not I have said…?
Get	Will have gotten	Will not have gotten	Will you have gotten…?	Will not you have gotten…?
Make	Will have made	Will not have made	Will they have made…?	Will not they have made…?
Go	Will have gone	Will not have gone	Will we have gone…?	Will not we have gone…?
Take	Will have taken	Will not have taken	Will he have taken…?	Will not he have taken…?
See	Will have seen	Will not have seen	Will she have seen…?	Will not she have seen…?
Come	Will have came	Will not have came	Will it have came…?	Will not it have came…?

Catatan:

• Hati-hati dikala memakai kata kerja “to be” pada Future Perfect Tense. Konstruksinya mudah disalahartikan dgn Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
• Bentuk Past Participle dr “to get” dlm bahasa Inggris Amerika ialah gotten. Sedangkan dlm bahasa Inggris British ialah got.

Sumber referensi:

Frodesen, J. & Eyring, J. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 4: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.

Thewlis, Stephen H. (2000). Grammar Dimensions 3: Form, Meaning, and Use. Boston: Hainle & Hainle.

Artikel: Future Perfect Tense – Pengertian, Rumus, Penggunaan, & Contoh Kalimat

Kontributor: Nanda Widya, S.Hum.

Alumni Sastra Inggris FIB UI

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